Riprap Design Basics: Stone Size, Filter Layer and Placement
Riprap stability depends on stone size, durability and the filter layer. Learn how flow velocity relates to stone weight, what the filter does and how to place it.

Rubble Stone
Irregular stones for foundations, retaining walls, aprons and stone structures.
Sized by design
Rubble stone is undressed broken rock used in stone structures, foundations and retaining walls. The durability of these structures depends on sound rock and correct placement.
Suitable stone must be dense, free of cracks and weak seams, and stable under weathering cycles.
Foundations and earthworksSlope protection and water structures
| Method | Test |
|---|---|
| ASTM C88 | Sulfate soundness |
| ASTM C127 / C128 | Density and water absorption |
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